兽药在畜禽养殖与水产养殖中的广泛应用,增加了动物源性食品的药物残留风险。超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)技术凭借其高分离效率、高灵敏度与高选择性,成为食品兽药多残留检测的主流技术。文章系统综述UPLC-MS/MS技术在畜禽肉、水产品、乳制品等食品基质中兽药多残留检测的应用现状,分析检测过程中基质效应、前处理效率等关键技术瓶颈,并从样品前处理优化、仪器参数调试、基质效应消除等方面提出技术优化策略,旨在提升食品兽药多残留检测水平。

The widespread application of veterinary drugs in livestock and aquaculture has increased the risk of drug residues in animal derived foods. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) technology has become the mainstream technology for detecting multiple residues of veterinary drugs in food due to its high separation efficiency, sensitivity, and selectivity. This article systematically reviews the application status of UPLC-MS/MS technology in the detection of multiple residues of veterinary drugs in food matrices such as livestock and poultry meat, aquatic products, and dairy products. It analyzes key technical bottlenecks such as matrix effects and pretreatment efficiency in the detection process, and proposes technical optimization strategies from the aspects of sample pretreatment optimization, instrument parameter tuning, and matrix effect elimination, aiming to improve the level of multi-residue detection of food and veterinary drugs.