文章分析安顺市城区不同学段学校周边饮料中防腐剂使用的差异及潜在健康风险，为实施分级精准监管提供依据。研究团队于2023年12月—2024年7月，在安顺市西秀区主城区中小学周边采集饮料样品382份，依据国家标准检测苯甲酸、山梨酸及脱氢乙酸含量，采用χ²检验分析校际差异。小学周边苯甲酸检出率(51.6%,81/157)显著高于初中(31.1%,37/119)和高中(22.6%,24/106)(P<0.05)，且所有苯甲酸超标样本(1.9%,3/157)及山梨酸超标样本(2.5%,4/157)均集中于小学周边；脱氢乙酸在非果汁饮料中检出25份，总体不符合规定使用率(6.5%,25/382)；混合防腐剂在小学周边检出率最高(33.1%,52/157)，且以苯甲酸-山梨酸组合为主(总体86.8%，小学周边92.3%)。小学周边是防腐剂超标及混合暴露的核心风险区域。建议实施分级监管：重点管控小学周边苯甲酸和山梨酸超标问题；加强脱氢乙酸使用监管，区分主动添加与原料带入情形；将苯甲酸-山梨酸组合纳入常规监测并评估其协同健康风险。

To analyze the differences in preservative usage and potential health risks in beverages sold around primary and secondary schools in the urban area of Anshun City, and to provide a basis for implementing tiered and targeted regulatory measures, a total of 382 beverage samples were collected around primary and secondary schools in the main urban area of Xixiu District, Anshun City from December 2023 to July 2024. The contents of benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and dehydroacetic acid were tested in accordance with national standards, and inter-school differences were analyzed using the χ² test. The detection rate of benzoic acid around primary schools(51.6%, 81/157) is significantly higher than that around junior high schools(31.1%, 37/119) and senior high schools(22.6%, 24/106)(P < 0.05). All samples exceeding the maximum limits for benzoic acid(1.9%, 3/157) and sorbic acid(2.5%, 4/157) are exclusively found around primary schools. Dehydroacetic acid is detected in 25 non-fruit juice beverage samples, with an overall non-compliant use rate of(6.5%,25/382). Mixed preservatives show the highest detection rate in areas around primary schools(33.1%, 52/157), with the benzoic acid-sorbic acid combination being the most prevalent, accounting for 86.8% of all mixed preservative detection cases and 92.3% of cases near primary schools. The areas surrounding primary schools are identified as the core risk zones for preservative over-limit occurrence and mixed preservative exposure. A tiered regulatory approach is recommended for food safety supervision, which prioritizes the governance of benzoic acid and sorbic acid over-limit in beverages around primary schools, strengthens the supervision of dehydroacetic acid use by distinguishing artificial active addition and raw material carry-over, includes the combined use of benzoic acid and sorbic acid into routine food safety monitoring, and further evaluates the synergistic health risks caused by mixed exposure to the two preservatives.